Parque de vivienda
¿Cuántas viviendas hay en España? ¿Para qué se usan?
En España hay más de 26 millones de viviendas para cerca de 19 millones de hogares. Hay aproximadamente 1,4 viviendas por cada hogar. O, dicho de otra manera, de todas las viviendas que hay en España, sólo el 70% se utilizan como vivienda principal.
En esta sección profundizamos en los usos que le damos al parque de viviendas que hay en España y lo comparamos con otros países de la Unión Europea.
También hacemos un análisis de las viviendas vacías y dónde están ubicadas.
En España sólo el
de las viviendas se usan como vivienda principal.
En España sólo el 70% de las viviendas se usan como vivienda principal
ViviendaS y hogares
Los datos que se muestran a continuación reflejan la evolución del stock de vivienda en España junto con el crecimiento de hogares, así como el ratio de viviendas / hogares. Históricamente, ha aumentado el stock de vivienda de forma muy alineada al incremento de hogares, superando incluso el incremento en vivienda al de hogares.
Comprobamos así que España tiene un parque de vivienda muy superior al número de hogares, a razón de 1,4 casas por cada hogar.
| Datos,Número de viviendas (Censos),Número de hogares |
|---|
| 1981,14726134,10.153.000 |
| 1991,17206363,11.834.000 |
| 2001,20946554,13.776.000 |
| 2011,25208623,17.995.800 |
| 2021,26623708,18.990.000 |
| Datos,Viviendas Totales / Hogares |
|---|
| 1981,1.45 |
| 1991,"1,45" |
| 2001,"1,52" |
| 2011,"1,4" |
| 2021,"1,41" |
Contrasta este dato con el de otros países europeos en los que no existe una diferencia tan marcada entre las viviendas principales y las totales. El 30% del parque de vivienda español se dedica a usos distintos al de vivienda principal. Estos usos incluyen desde segundas residencias a viviendas vacías, pasando por apartamentos de uso turístico.
Ratio viviendas sobre viviendas principales
| GEO (Labels),Ratio |
|---|
| Belgium,"1,17" |
| Bulgaria,"1,64" |
| Czechia,"1,19" |
| Denmark,"1,15" |
| Germany,"1,08" |
| Estonia,"1,32" |
| Ireland,"1,15" |
| Greece,"1,53" |
| Spain,"1,44" |
| France,"1,22" |
| Croatia,"1,67" |
| Italy,"1,37" |
| Cyprus,"1,39" |
| Latvia,"1,31" |
| Lithuania,"1,18" |
| Luxembourg,"1,06" |
| Hungary,"1,14" |
| Malta,"1,38" |
| Netherlands,"1,04" |
| Austria,"1,22" |
| Poland,"1,22" |
| Portugal,"1,44" |
| Romania,"1,34" |
| Slovenia,"1,24" |
| Slovakia,"1,27" |
| Finland,"1,13" |
| Sweden,"1,22" |
| Iceland,"1,11" |
| Liechtenstein,"1,21" |
| Norway,"1,07" |
| Switzerland,"1,19" |
Porcentaje de vivienda destinada uso no principal
| GEO (Codes) | GEO (Etiquetas) | Conventional dwellings | Occupied conventional dwellings (vivienda principal) | X.1 | Unoccupied conventional dwellings (no principales) | X.2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE | Bélgica | 5.781.088 | 4.949.991 | 86% | 831.097 | 14% |
| BG | Bulgaria | 4.258.585 | 2.600.911 | 61% | 1.657.674 | 39% |
| CZ | República Checa | 5.340.033 | 4.480.139 | 84% | 859.894 | 16% |
| DK | Dinamarca | 3.071.987 | 2.666.250 | 87% | 405.737 | 13% |
| DE | Alemania | 43.106.589 | 39.802.798 | 92% | 3.303.789 | 8% |
| EE | Estonia | 732.836 | 557.146 | 76% | 175.690 | 24% |
| IE | Irlanda | 2.108.065 | 1.832.472 | 87% | 275.593 | 13% |
| GR | Grecia | 6.596.761 | 4.319.144 | 65% | 2.277.615 | 35% |
| ES | España | 26.623.706 | 18.536.615 | 70% | 8.087.091 | 30% |
| FR | Francia | 37.042.023 | 30.342.390 | 82% | 6.631.891 | 18% |
| HR | Croacia | 2.391.944 | 1.433.444 | 60% | 958.499 | 40% |
| IT | Italia | 35.271.829 | 25.690.057 | 73% | 9.581.772 | 27% |
| CY | Chipre | 491.545 | 353.434 | 72% | 138.113 | 28% |
| LV | Letonia | 1.063.939 | 810.992 | 76% | 252.947 | 24% |
| LT | Lituania | 1.437.680 | 1.213.397 | 84% | 224.283 | 16% |
| LU | Luxemburgo | 263.647 | 248.310 | 94% | 15.337 | 6% |
| HU | Hungría | 4.566.313 | 4.001.857 | 88% | 564.456 | 12% |
| MT | Malta | 297.305 | 215.691 | 73% | 81.612 | 27% |
| NL | Países Bajos | 7.832.373 | 7.509.787 | 96% | 322.586 | 4% |
| AT | Austria | 4.909.410 | 4.015.886 | 82% | 893.524 | 18% |
| PL | Polonia | 15.227.927 | 12.482.585 | 82% | 2.745.342 | 18% |
| PT | Portugal | 5.970.677 | 4.142.581 | 69% | 1.828.096 | 31% |
| RO | Rumanía | 9.914.511 | 7.396.059 | 75% | 2.518.452 | 25% |
| SI | Eslovenia | 864.323 | 698.747 | 81% | 165.576 | 19% |
| SK | Eslovaquia | 2.178.429 | 1.719.430 | 79% | 458.999 | 21% |
| FI | Finlandia | 3.124.286 | 2.766.680 | 89% | 357.609 | 11% |
| SE | Suecia | 5.510.195 | 4.527.565 | 82% | 982.630 | 18% |
| IS | Islandia | 141.113 | 126.793 | 90% | 14.320 | 10% |
| LI | Liechtenstein | 21.329 | 17.562 | 82% | 3.767 | 18% |
| NO | Noruega | 2.684.261 | 2.498.019 | 93% | 186.242 | 7% |
| CH | Suiza | 4.688.288 | 3.938.475 | 84% | 749.813 | 16% |
- En España hay casi 8 millones de viviendas más que las que se utilizan como vivienda principal: 1,4 viviendas por cada hogar.
- En Europa la cifra está en torno a 1,2.
- España es uno de los países europeos que menos porcentaje de su parque destina a vivienda principal.
USO DE LAS VIVIENDAS
¿Cuántas viviendas vacías hay en España?
Si analizamos el uso que se hace de las viviendas en España a partir del consumo eléctrico que tienen, detectamos que España tiene 3,8 millones de viviendas vacías. Además, hay casi un millón de viviendas que se utilizan menos de un mes al año.
Fuente: Observatorio de Vivienda Asequible a partir de datos del Censo de Población y Viviendas de 2021 (INE).
| Uso de la vivienda,Total |
|---|
| Sin uso: vacías,3837328 |
| Uso inferior a un mes,943924 |
| Uso esporádico,2514511 |
| Uso intensivo,19327945 |
El 14.41% de las viviendas en España están vacías.
Nota: Se considera que el uso es inferior a un mes cuando el consumo eléctrico está entre el umbral mínimo y 250 Kwh. Se considera uso esporádico si oscila entre 251 y 750 Kwh.
¿Dónde están las viviendas vacías?
Al contrario de lo que se afirma en algunos espacios, cuando analizamos con datos oficiales la vivienda vacía en los municipios de más de 50.000 habitantes detectamos que los grandes núcleos urbanos aglutinan gran parte de la vivienda vacía.
Fuente: Observatorio de Vivienda Asequible a partir de datos del Censo de Población y Viviendas de 2021 (INE).
| ADDRESS / PLACE,LAT,LON,Viviendas vacías |
|---|
| Albacete,38.9950921,-1.8559154,5403 |
| Alcalá de Guadaíra,37.3397709,-5.8408396,4115 |
| Alcalá de Henares,40.4818396,-3.3644973,4550 |
| Alcobendas,40.5400082,-3.6358494,1434 |
| Alcorcón,40.3492998,-3.8284295,2263 |
| Alcoy/Alcoi,38.6982275,-0.4747767,4450 |
| Algeciras,36.1311725,-5.4473991,7612 |
| Alicante/Alacant,38.3436365,-0.4881708,15733 |
| Almería,36.8414197,-2.4628135,9972 |
| Aranjuez,40.03221,-3.6039604,3668 |
| Arganda del Rey,40.3007708,-3.4380688,2372 |
| Arona,45.7598366,8.5604081,14422 |
| Arrecife,28.9639681,-13.5499014,3114 |
| Ávila,40.656478,-4.7002172,3213 |
| Avilés,43.5554436,-5.9222466,3419 |
| Badajoz,38.8896436,-6.9801425,4952 |
| Badalona,41.4493539,2.248254,7702 |
| Barakaldo,43.29548,-2.9900933,3091 |
| Barcelona,41.3828939,2.1774322,75476 |
| Benalmádena,36.594519,-4.572284,8126 |
| Benidorm,38.5406255,-0.1290929,8658 |
| Bilbao,43.2630018,-2.9350039,9141 |
| Burgos,42.343926,-3.696977,6699 |
| Cáceres,39.4745175,-6.3716761,3933 |
| Cádiz,36.5297438,-6.2928976,2824 |
| Cartagena,10.4266746,-75.5443419,16688 |
| Castelldefels,41.2861022,1.9824173,2082 |
| Castellón de la Plana/Castelló de la Plana,39.9935283,0.0031403,10359 |
| Cerdanyola del Vallès,41.4910324,2.1374969,707 |
| Ceuta,35.894422,-5.3558174,4089 |
| Chiclana de la Frontera,36.4191096,-6.1460683,4027 |
| Ciudad Real,38.9597347,-3.8828744,6372 |
| Collado Villalba,40.6431496,-3.9930128,1363 |
| Córdoba,37.8845813,-4.7760138,9699 |
| Cornellà de Llobregat,41.355724,2.0706225,1745 |
| Coruña, A,43.3709703,-8.3959425,20059 |
| Coslada,40.423802,-3.5552882,2211 |
| Cuenca,40.0661031,-2.1313528,3413 |
| Donostia-San Sebastián,43.3224219,-1.9838889,5522 |
| Dos Hermanas,37.283689,-5.9226718,5997 |
| Ejido, El,37.6311402,-6.1661858,1716 |
| Elche/Elx,38.2653307,-0.6988391,9585 |
| Elda,38.4789671,-0.7956759,2453 |
| Estepona,36.4268068,-5.1468484,10301 |
| Ferrol,43.4846862,-8.233162,11222 |
| Fuengirola,36.5388398,-4.6233974,6578 |
| Fuenlabrada,40.282476,-3.7923422,2085 |
| Gandia,38.9675925,-0.1803423,9557 |
| Getafe,40.3081807,-3.7302679,2883 |
| Getxo,43.3479409,-3.0087671,1665 |
| Gijón,43.5449422,-5.66275,8306 |
| Girona,41.9793006,2.8199439,4840 |
| Granada,37.1734995,-3.5995337,11941 |
| Granollers,41.6079555,2.2876008,1507 |
| Guadalajara,20.6720375,-103.338396,3229 |
| Hospitalet de Llobregat, L',41.3468923,2.1018867,8195 |
| Huelva,37.2575874,-6.9484945,4993 |
| Huesca,42.1360614,-0.0298027,1892 |
| Irun,43.3383176,-1.7888095,2249 |
| Jaén,37.9557275,-3.4920556,6059 |
| Jerez de la Frontera,36.6816936,-6.1377402,7692 |
| Leganés,40.3281942,-3.76527,2546 |
| León,42.6341451,-5.9714151,6818 |
| Linares,38.0931247,-3.6357207,3942 |
| Línea de la Concepción, La,36.174813,-5.3535329,4827 |
| Lleida,41.6147605,0.6267842,5346 |
| Logroño,42.4661196,-2.4396676,4584 |
| Lorca,37.6712139,-1.6990431,5829 |
| Lugo,43.0462247,-7.4739921,10728 |
| Madrid,40.4167047,-3.7035825,97178 |
| Majadahonda,40.473055,-3.8724138,685 |
| Málaga,36.7213028,-4.4216366,16638 |
| Manresa,41.7288939,1.8286765,5495 |
| Marbella,36.508976,-4.88562,20011 |
| Mataró,41.5398348,2.4448926,1899 |
| Melilla,35.2918698,-2.9409026,2963 |
| Mérida,38.9174665,-6.3443977,4149 |
| Mijas,36.5957471,-4.6375188,13203 |
| Molina de Segura,38.0585479,-1.2042086,2004 |
| Mollet del Vallès,41.5393484,2.2130934,897 |
| Móstoles,40.3238525,-3.8649214,2579 |
| Motril,36.7450888,-3.5207655,3310 |
| Murcia,37.9923795,-1.1305431,15321 |
| Orihuela,38.0856891,-0.9448805,24109 |
| Ourense,42.1968459,-7.6114105,14968 |
| Oviedo,43.3618625,-5.8483581,9342 |
| Palencia,42.4096322,-4.6161004,3492 |
| Palma,39.5695818,2.6500745,9346 |
| Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las,28.09973,-15.41343,25016 |
| Pamplona/Iruña,42.8181992,-1.6440089,4412 |
| Parla,40.2373952,-3.7718902,1505 |
| Paterna,39.5039227,-0.4421014,2412 |
| Ponferrada,42.5454124,-6.5938719,10016 |
| Pontevedra,42.6075172,-8.4714942,6037 |
| Pozuelo de Alarcón,40.4346528,-3.814834,2187 |
| Prat de Llobregat, El,41.2969439,2.0790474,1535 |
| Puerto de Santa María, El,38.6890656,0.1443295,5420 |
| Puertollano,38.6852161,-4.1111749,6384 |
| Reus,41.1555564,1.1076133,5904 |
| Rivas-Vaciamadrid,40.3536054,-3.5310879,4764 |
| Roquetas de Mar,36.7630203,-2.6115886,10364 |
| Rozas de Madrid, Las,40.5545636,-3.9016373,1050 |
| Rubí,41.4936194,2.0319476,2105 |
| Sabadell,41.5421013,2.1138977,5644 |
| Sagunto/Sagunt,39.6756707,-0.2714149,4874 |
| Salamanca,40.9651572,-5.6640182,6510 |
| San Bartolomé de Tirajana,27.9252512,-15.5729983,6128 |
| San Cristóbal de La Laguna,28.4857715,-16.3159422,9381 |
| San Fernando,36.4646672,-6.1983492,1943 |
| San Sebastián de los Reyes,40.5473698,-3.6260586,1091 |
| San Vicente del Raspeig/Sant Vicent del Raspeig,38.3961375,-0.5307637,1617 |
| Sanlúcar de Barrameda,36.7761393,-6.3534794,2395 |
| Sant Boi de Llobregat,41.3459033,2.0413673,1501 |
| Sant Cugat del Vallès,41.4728432,2.0817809,2417 |
| Santa Coloma de Gramenet,41.4515626,2.2083371,4438 |
| Santa Cruz de Tenerife,28.467178,-16.2507843,16816 |
| Santa Lucía de Tirajana,27.9115471,-15.5405202,3440 |
| Santander,43.4620412,-3.8099719,7705 |
| Santiago de Compostela,42.8804219,-8.5458608,6198 |
| Segovia,40.9481192,-4.1172101,4678 |
| Sevilla,37.3886303,-5.9953403,24695 |
| Siero,43.3952982,-5.6357024,3265 |
| Soria,41.6012505,-2.721938,2303 |
| Talavera de la Reina,39.9603798,-4.8311717,5004 |
| Tarragona,41.1172364,1.2546057,8298 |
| Telde,27.9924,-15.4192,5307 |
| Terrassa,41.5629623,2.0100492,9569 |
| Teruel,40.6005259,-0.9229282,2210 |
| Toledo,39.8560679,-4.0239568,2521 |
| Torrejón de Ardoz,40.4587767,-3.4793343,1755 |
| Torrelavega,43.3487303,-4.0515082,2436 |
| Torremolinos,36.6242841,-4.4995448,5056 |
| Torrent,39.436668,-0.4656213,3813 |
| Torrevieja,37.9775416,-0.6828446,30639 |
| Utrera,37.1824646,-5.7817506,1847 |
| Valdemoro,40.1888604,-3.67143,993 |
| Valencia,39.4697065,-0.3763353,36454 |
| Valladolid,41.6521328,-4.728562,9550 |
| Vélez-Málaga,36.7818354,-4.0988099,4197 |
| Vigo,42.2376602,-8.7247205,21717 |
| Viladecans,41.3163083,2.0156034,1529 |
| Vilanova i la Geltrú,41.2241992,1.7256327,2331 |
| Vila-real,41.5229299,-7.5466312,3769 |
| Vitoria-Gasteiz,42.8465088,-2.6724025,4876 |
| Zamora,41.6857693,-5.942315,4290 |
| Zaragoza ,41.6521342,-0.8809428,15732 |
En Madrid hay 97.178 viviendas vacías.
Barcelona tiene más de 75.000 viviendas vacías.
- Ciudades como Valencia, Vigo o Sevilla cuentan con más de 20.000 viviendas vacías en sus municipios.